Hakam : Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam
Hakam: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Ekonomi Islam, is a peer-reviewed journal by experts in the fields of Islamic Law and Islamic Economic Law, covering both normative and empirical studies, using various approaches (See Focus and Scope) in accordance with the theme of each research study related to the scientific study. Hakam: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam dan Ekonomi Islam, has been accredited with a Rank 2 accreditation, in accordance with the Decree of the Director General of Research and Development of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia No. 295/C/C3/KPT/2026 dated January 2, 2026. This journal is published four times a year (March, June, September, and December) by the Faculty of Islamic Studies, Nurul Jadid University, Paiton, Probolinggo, East Java. Email: hukumkeluarga.fai@unuja.ac.id p-ISSN 2829-5803 e-ISSN 2580-8052 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Hakam: Journal of Islamic Law Studies and Islamic Economic Law Published by Islamic Faculty of Nurul Jadid University, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.
Copyright of this publication is a possession of Hakam : Jurnal Hukum Islam dan Hukum Ekonomi Islam journal, by the knowledge of the author, while the moral right of the publication belongs to the author. The formal legal aspect of journal publication accessibility refers to Creative Commons Atribusi-Non Commercial-Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA), which implies that publication can be used for non-commercial purposes under the same or similar license as the original form. Authors are permitted to copy and redistribute the journal's published version of the work, with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in Contemporary Mathematics and Applications (ConMathA). Every publication (printed/electronic) are open access for educational purposes, research, and library. Other than the aims mentioned above, the editorial board is not responsible for copyright violation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Hakam: Journal of Islamic Law Studies and Islamic Economic Law Published by Islamic Faculty of Nurul Jadid University, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.
HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN PEMBIAYAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
This article examines the status of Intellectual Property (IP) as collateral for financing within the framework of Islamic Economic Law. IP—covering trademarks, patents, copyrights, industrial designs, trade secrets, and communal intellectual property—embodies reputation and economic value, thereby raising the question of whether it may qualify as māl (property) and function as marhūn (pledged collateral). Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a juridical-empirical approach through library research, the study analyzes statutory regulations on IP-based security, relevant fatwas, and contemporary Islamic legal scholarship. The findings suggest that IP conceptually corresponds to ḥaqq al-ibtikār (creative/authorial right), which is increasingly recognized as a proprietary right containing both economic and moral dimensions. Its legitimacy is frequently grounded in ‘urf (recognized custom) and maṣlaḥah mursalah (public interest), supporting the permissibility of utilizing IP as collateral under the general maxim that commercial transactions are allowed unless proven otherwise. The article further proposes Sharia-compliant operational models—such as rahn combined with murābaḥah, ijārah, istiṣnā‘, and profit-sharing schemes (muḍārabah/mushārakah)—subject to strict avoidance of ribā, gharar, and maysir, and contingent upon reliable valuation standards, secondary-market readiness, and enforceable execution mechanisms. Divergent scholarly views are mapped, particularly regarding intangibility, valuation volatility, and moral-right constraints.
Copyright (c) 2025 Diding Jalaludin, Fiqi Rizqi Padhilah, Umar Rojikin, Muhamad Kholid, Tatang Astarudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PERAN ISTRI SEBAGAI PENCARI NAFKAH DAN DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP KEUTUHAN RUMAH TANGGA PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
One of a husband’s primary responsibilities is to provide financial support for his family. Yet not all husbands are able to fulfill this duty adequately, leading to weakened household economies and compelling wives to contribute as breadwinners. This phenomenon is evident among the families of workers at the synthetic hair factory in Purbalingga Regency, where many wives assume the role of principal income earner to meet their household needs. This study aims to identify the factors that drive wives to become the main breadwinners, particularly within the families of factory employees in Purbalingga, examine the effects of this role on marital cohesion, and explore the Islamic perspective on wives as primary providers. Employing a qualitative case-study approach, the research reveals three key findings: (1) economic necessity, stemming from insufficient spousal income, and instances of husbands being unable to work due to illness or by mutual agreement compel wives to take on earning responsibilities; (2) while wives’ income-generating role can enhance family welfare stability, it may also reduce family quality time, create a double burden of domestic and economic duties, hinder communication effectiveness, and heighten role-imbalance conflicts; and (3) within Islamic jurisprudence, wives are permitted to seek livelihood support when their husbands’ earnings fall short, provided they observe Shariah-compliant conditions and limitations; however, any contravention of these religious guidelines renders such work impermissible.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Shidqi Pribadi, Teguh Dwi Cahyadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
KONSEP NABAWI DALAM MEMBANGUN KEHARMONISAN RUMAH TANGGA
This study analyzes the Prophetic concept of building household harmony through family-related hadiths found in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim. The research is motivated by Indonesia’s high divorce rate in 2023, which reached 408,347 cases, with 251,828 due to disputes and conflicts indicating a gap between Islamic ideals and actual domestic practices. This study utilises a qualitative method with a library research approach, relying on primary data in the form of the Prophet's hadiths related to family life, as well as secondary data obtained from books, journals, and scientific articles.. The findings reveal that Prophet Muhammad shallallāhu ‘alaihi wa sallam practiced values such as active participation in household duties, praising his wife, bathing together, resting on his wife’s lap, prioritizing his wife, using affectionate nicknames, traveling together, and engaging in meaningful conversations. These practices significantly contributed to achieving a family life characterized by sakinah (tranquility), mawaddah (affection), and rahmah (compassion). Thus, the hadiths in Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim offer authentic and applicable guidance for fostering harmonious Muslim families in the modern era.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fathur Rachman Imanda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WAKALAH BIL UJROH CONTRACT IN FINANCING PRODUCTS AT ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Wakalah bil ujrah contract in financing products within Islamic financial institutions and to identify the challenges and opportunities in its application. This contract allows financial institutions to act as representatives of customers in conducting specific financial transactions while receiving ujrah (fees) as compensation for the services provided. This research employs a descriptive qualitative method using literature review techniques and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that the Wakalah bil ujrah contract is applied in various products, such as Islamic multipurpose financing, home ownership financing (Islamic mortgage/PPR Syariah), vehicle financing, and micro and SME financing and Hajj Financing. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, including limited public understanding of this contract, differences in regulatory interpretations among Islamic financial institutions, and competition with conventional financing products. To overcome these challenges, efforts such as public education, regulatory harmonization, product innovation, and increased transparency in managing ujrah fees are necessary. Keywords : Wakalah bil ujrah, Islamic Financing, Islamic Financial Institutions, Regulations, Product Innovation. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini ditulis bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan akad wakalah bil ujrah dalam produk pembiayaan di lembaga keuangan syariah serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dan peluang dalam implementasinya. Akad ini memungkinkan lembaga keuangan bertindak sebagai wakil nasabah dalam melakukan transaksi keuangan tertentu dengan memperoleh ujrah (fee) sebagai imbalan atas jasa yang diberikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik studi literatur dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akad wakalah bil ujrah diterapkan dalam berbagai produk pembiayaan di LKS yaitu seperti pembiayaan multiguna syariah, pembiayaan kepemilikan rumah (PPR Syariah), pembiayaan kendaraan, pembiayaan usaha mikro dan UKM serta pembiayaan haji. Namun, penerapannya masih menghadapi beberapa tantangan, seperti kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai akad ini, perbedaan interpretasi regulasi antar lembaga keuangan syariah, serta persaingan dengan produk pembiayaan konvensional. Untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut, diperlukan upaya edukasi masyarakat, harmonisasi regulasi, inovasi produk, serta peningkatan transparansi dalam pengelolaan biaya ujrah. Kata Kunci: Wakalah bil ujrah, Pembiayaan Syariah, Lembaga Keuangan Syariah, Regulasi, Inovasi Produk.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Fikri Auliaurrahman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
DECONSTRUCTING MU’ASYARAH BI AL-MA’RUF: TOWARD A GENDER-JUST FRAMEWORK OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW
This research offers a novel contribution to Islamic family law by deconstructing the concept of mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf as a normative foundation for addressing contemporary legal and social challenges. Departing from traditional textual interpretations, the study reconceptualizes mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf as a dynamic and inclusive ethical-legal framework grounded in justice, reciprocity, and gender equality. The scope of the research covers ethical, social, and legal dimensions of harmonious family life in Islam, with particular attention to husband–wife relations and family justice. Employing qualitative library research, this study utilizes content and critical analysis of primary Islamic legal sources, court decisions, and relevant family law policies. The findings reveal that classical normative frameworks often reflect patriarchal assumptions that constrain women’s rights and fail to respond adequately to contemporary social dynamics, resulting in legal and social inequalities. Through a deconstructive approach, the research exposes these biases and proposes an alternative interpretation that emphasizes mutual respect, proportional rights and obligations, and substantive justice within the family. This study concludes that reinterpreting mu’asyarah bil ma’ruf is essential for developing a more just and responsive Islamic family law. Practically, the findings contribute to Islamic legal reform by providing a conceptual basis for gender-sensitive legislation, judicial interpretation, and family law policies that protect women and children while remaining firmly rooted in Islamic values.
Copyright (c) 2025 Lina Nur Anisa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
EKSISTENSI DAN PERKEMBANGAN KELEMBAGAAN HUKUM ISLAM DI INDONESIA
This study discusses the existence and development of Islamic legal institutions in Indonesia from historical, sociological, and juridical perspectives. Islamic law in the archipelago has been present since the early days of Islamization and has functioned in the areas of marriage, inheritance, and muamalah, although during the colonial period its role was narrowed through the theory of receptie. After independence, Islamic law gained formal legitimacy with the establishment of the Religious Court and was strengthened through various regulations, such as the Religious Court Law, the Compilation of Islamic Law, and legislation on zakat, waqf, and sharia economics. The research method used was qualitative with a historical-sociological approach, through literature review and descriptive-analytical analysis. The results of the study show that the process of integrating Islamic law into positive law took place gradually, from social norms to state law, and now has strong formal legitimacy in the national legal system. However, challenges in the form of legal dualism, social plurality, and harmonization with international law remain fundamental issues. Therefore, synergy between scholars, academics, and policymakers is needed to strengthen the position of Islamic law so that it remains relevant, applicable, and contributes to national legal development
Copyright (c) 2025 Reza Rahmatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
FROM FORMAL VALIDITY TO ETHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY: GOOD FAITH IN SHARIA ELECTRONIC CONTRACTS UNDER INDONESIAN LAW
The expansion of electronic contracts has significantly transformed sharia-based transactions in the digital sphere, yet the prevailing legal framework remains largely anchored in formal validity. Indonesian contract law and the Law on Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) primarily assess contract enforceability through formal requirements and the legal recognition of electronic documents, offering limited tools to evaluate the ethical quality of consent formation. In contrast, Islamic economic law, as articulated in the Compilation of Sharia Economic Law (KHES) and the fatwas of the National Sharia Council (DSN-MUI), emphasizes trustworthiness, transparency, and substantive justice, but lacks operational parameters suited to digital transactions. This normative gap constitutes the central problem addressed in this article. The study aims to reconceptualize good faith as ethical accountability and to formulate a parameter-based model for assessing sharia electronic contracts. Employing normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches, the analysis draws upon Indonesian contract law, the ITE Law, KHES, DSN-MUI fatwas, and relevant legal doctrines. The findings demonstrate that good faith should be repositioned from a post-dispute corrective principle to an ex ante standard of ethical accountability governing contract formation. The article formulates five key parameters of good faith: substantive transparency of information, fairness of electronic consent processes, balance of bargaining power, consistency between pre-contractual representations and contract performance, and prevention of exploitative gains. This model contributes to the literature by bridging the fragmentation between positive contract law, digital regulation, and sharia principles. Practically, it offers a substantive framework for consumer protection and sharia compliance in Islamic fintech and digital marketplaces.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sigit Nurhadi Nugraha, Abdul Rachmat Budiono, Budi Santoso, Rachmi Sulistyarini https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
LEGAL PROTECTION FOR PARTIES WHEN MPD FAILS TO COLLECT NOTARIAL PROTOCOLS
The failure of the MPD to take the Notary protocol as stipulated in Article 63 paragraph (6) of the 2014 UUJN has legal consequences that could be detrimental to the parties. There are no further provisions regarding the mechanism for saving the protocol when the MPD does not take the Notary protocol, even though the Notary protocol is a collection of state archive documents that must always be stored and maintained. The UUJN only regulates the submission of the Notary protocol. The absence of complete regulations regarding the Notary protocol raises a legal issue, namely legal incompleteness. The method used is normative legal research. The results of the research are that the legal consequences of the MPD not taking the Notary protocol are 1. the loss of the rights of interested parties to obtain a grosse, copy, or excerpt of the deed. 2. the Notary protocol becomes neglected and is at risk of being damaged or lost. There are two types of legal protection provided to interested parties, namely preventive and repressive legal protection. Preventive legal protection refers to the MPD immediately taking the Notary protocol from the heirs who did not submit the protocol to the recipient so that the protocol remains stored and well maintained. Repressive legal protection refers to filing a complaint with the MPD so that the Notary protocol is immediately taken from the heirs and submitted to the Notary who received the protocol.
Copyright (c) 2025 Adinda Mellinia Aurel, Herlindah Herlindah, Imam Rahmat Sjafi'i https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
REVIEW OF ISLAMIC LAW AND LAW NO. 1 OF 1974 AND CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 CONCERNING SIRI MARRIAGE LAW: THE POSITION OF WIVES, CHILDREN AND PROPERTY
This study discusses the position of wives, children, and property in unregistered marriages based on Islamic law, Law No. 1 of 1974, and Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The method used is a legal-normative approach with a comparative approach to Islamic legal literature and legislation. The results of the study show that according to Islamic law, unregistered marriages are valid religiously if they fulfill the pillars and requirements of marriage, but they do not have legal force because they are not registered. As a result, wives and children find it difficult to obtain legal protection for their status and civil rights, including inheritance rights and joint property. Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 recognizes the civil relationship between children born out of wedlock and their biological fathers, thereby strengthening legal protection for children born from siri marriages. Therefore, marriage registration is important to ensure legal certainty for all parties.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syaiful Bakri, Muhammad Abrori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SHARIA ECONOMIC LAW ON THE GROWTH OF MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (UMKM) IN THE DIGITAL ERA
The growth of MSMEs in the digital era requires strong Sharia governance, the expansion of Sharia-based fintech, and the enhancement of Islamic economic literacy to ensure that digital transformation proceeds fairly and sustainably. This study examines the relevance of Sharia Economic Law in promoting the growth of MSMEs amid rapid digital transformation. In an era where online transactions, digital payments, and fintech platforms dominate the business ecosystem, Islamic legal principles such as justice (‘adl), transparency (shafafiyyah), and the prohibition of riba and gharar are increasingly important to implement. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research analyzes how Sharia-based financial regulations and innovations influence MSME development. The results show that digital Sharia financing provides broader and more ethical access to funding for MSMEs. However, challenges remain, including low digital literacy, weak supervision of Sharia compliance, and a lack of regulatory synergy between national economic policies and Islamic economic principles.
Copyright (c) 2025 Meisa Nur Safitri, Nabila Nurkhafiah, Siti Nurzihan, Afifa Turromaniyah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
KONSEP KAFA’AH DALAM PRESPEKTIF IMAM MALIK DAN IMAM SYAFI’I: ANALISIS METODOLOGI USHUL FIKIH
Konsep kafa'ah (kesetaraan dalam pernikahan) merupakan salah satu diskursus penting dalam fiqih munakahat yang mencerminkan perbedaan metodologis antar mazhab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbandingan konsep kafa'ah dalam perspektif Imam Malik dan Imam Syafi'i melalui pendekatan ushul fiqih. Kajian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan menggunakan sumber primer kitab al-Muwaththa' dan al-Risalah serta sumber sekunder terkait. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif-komparatif untuk mengungkap akar perbedaan metodologis yang mempengaruhi formulasi hukum kafa'ah pada kedua mazhab. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan konsep kafa'ah antara Imam Malik dan Imam Syafi'i bersumber dari perbedaan paradigma ushuliyah yang mendasar. Imam Malik dengan pendekatan al-maslahah al-mursalah dan 'amal ahl al-Madinah memandang kafa'ah sebagai instrumen sosial yang dinamis, menekankan agama sebagai parameter utama sambil mereduksi signifikansi nasab untuk mencegah fanatisme kesukuan. Sementara Imam Syafi'i dengan komitmen pada sistematisasi hukum yang ketat, membangun konsep kafa'ah di atas fondasi nash dan qiyas yang rigor, menolak otoritas penuh kepada 'urf atau maslahah tanpa sandaran dalil yang jelas. Implikasi penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa dialektika kedua pemikir besar tersebut bukanlah pertentangan yang steril, melainkan kelengkapan yang memperkaya khazanah hukum Islam. Sintesis dari kedua pendekatan ini menjadi sangat relevan dalam konteks kontemporer untuk merumuskan pemahaman kafa'ah yang substantif dan berkeadilan, sekaligus menjaga orientasi pada terwujudnya keluarga yang sakinah, mawaddah, wa rahmah
Copyright (c) 2025 NAILIL - MAZIYATI https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
Implikasi Perjanjian Pra-Nikah dalam Perspektif Hukum Keluarga Islam di Indonesia: Kajian Normatif dan Sosial
Perjanjian pra-nikah dari sudut pandang hukum keluarga Islam dan hukum positif Indonesia, serta meninjau dampak hukum dan sosial dari pelaksanaannya, terutama yang berkaitan dengan hak dan kewajiban pasangan dan pengelolaan harta. Secara normatif, kaidah “al-muslimūn 'alā syurūṭihim illā syarṭan aḥalla ḥarāman aw ḥarrama ḥalālan” mengizinkan untuk dilakukan selama tidak bertentangan dengan syariat. Sedangkan analisis bahan hukum dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Yuridis normatif. Menggunakan bahan hukum Undang-Undang Perkawinan jo. Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2019 dan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 69/PUU-XIII/2015 memperkuat ketentuan yang ditetapkan dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perjanjian pra-nikah secara hukum memberikan kepastian tentang status harta, tanggung jawab nafkah, dan perlindungan pihak ketiga. Secara sosial, perjanjian ini digunakan untuk mempromosikan transparansi, kesetaraan, dan akuntabilitas dalam rumah tangga. Namun, mereka masih menstigma negatif sebagai tanda ketidakpercayaan pasangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan literasi hukum masyarakat dan standarisasi redaksi dan pencatatan perjanjian di lembaga resmi sangatlah penting. Oleh karena itu, dari sudut pandang hukum Islam dan hukum nasional Indonesia, perjanjian pra-nikah dapat dianggap bukan hanya kontrak hukum, tetapi juga sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan nilai keadilan, kemaslahatan, dan kekuatan keluarga. Kata Kunci: Perjanjian Pra-Nikah, Hukum Keluarga Islam, Yuridis Normatif, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, Implikasi Hukum dan Sosial
Copyright (c) 2025 Suwito Suwito, Didit Darmawan, Saidah Fiddaroini Harun, Risma A'limathus Zuriah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE BOYCOTT OF ISRAELI PRODUCTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SADZ AL-DZARAI’: A NORMATIVE ANALYSIS WITHIN ISLAMIC LAW
The phenomenon of boycotting Israeli products in Indonesia is a form of showing the morality and conscience of society based on very serious solidarity with Palestine. The boycott was carried out due to genocide and intimidation carried out by Israel, especially Israeli attacks which have recently increased and become more severe in most of the Palestinian territories. The context of this discussion is the Boycott, Divestment, Sanctions (BDS) movement which was born as the key to suppressing various large companies that have ties to Israel and support their economic prosperity. This was done with the intention of supporting the Palestinian people who have been sadistically and horribly oppressed. This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the phenomenon of boycotting Israeli goods from the perspective of sadd adzzariyat. This research uses descriptive qualitative by analyzing secondary data from various literature sources, including case studies, scientific journals and articles. This research will discuss the phenomenon of boycotting as viewed from sadd adzzariyat, as Islamic law studied by Ushul Fiqh scholars explains that sadd adzzariyat prohibits or prevents work that was previously permissible to be done but can lead to something that is prohibited.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ai Samrotul Fauziah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
ANALYSIS OF LEGAL POLICY IMPLEMENTATION AGAINST PERPETRATORS OF CHILD BULLYING
Bullying is a common occurrence in Indonesia. Many cases of bullying occur in schools, from elementary to secondary education, and even at the university level. The law has its own perspective on children who become perpetrators of crimes. Legal treatment for children in conflict emphasizes the best protection for children, not just retaliation. The method used in this study is normative juridical or normative legal research, also commonly referred to as doctrinal legal research. The discussion in this study will outline the rules and implementation of legal policies against perpetrators of bullying who are minors. The conclusion of this study is that bullying in school-age children is deviant behavior, both in the form of physical and psychological violence, namely by underage children as subjects against other children as objects of the deviation, carried out through physical, verbal, relational, and electronic bullying. Law enforcement against minors who commit bullying refers to Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection and Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. Legal protection measures for crimes committed by children are pursued. Diversion, however, does not prevent the possibility of criminal sanctions as stipulated in Article 76C of the Child Protection Law.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sulistina - - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
KAFA’AH DALAM PERKAWINAN PERSPEKTIF MAQASID AL-SYARI’AH (Studi Kasus pada Pesantren Darul Ma’sum dan Yayasan Darussalam Kabupaten Probolinggo)
This study examines the concept of kafa’ah (marital compatibility) from the perspective of Maqashid al-Shariah, using a case study of Darul Ma’sum Islamic Boarding School and Darussalam Foundation in Probolinggo Regency. The research is motivated by social phenomena within Islamic boarding schools (pesantren), where the application of kafa’ah varies between a traditional approach emphasizing equality in lineage, social status, and religious scholarship and a more contextual interpretation that prioritizes welfare (maslahah), happiness, and spiritual responsibility. The aim of this research is to analyze how the principles of Maqashid al-Shariah are applied in understanding and interpreting kafa’ah within pesantren culture, and how religious and social values interact in marital practices. The study employs a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, utilizing in-depth interviews and document analysis. This approach enables the researcher to explore the subjective experiences of pesantren leaders in determining marital suitability based on both religious and social considerations. The findings reveal that Darul Ma’sum tends to apply kafa’ah normatively to preserve hifz al-din (protection of religion) and hifz al-nasl (protection of lineage), whereas Darussalam emphasizes hifz al-nafs (protection of life) and individual welfare. Through the analytical lens of Maqashid al-Shariah, the study concludes that a contextual and humanistic understanding of kafa’ah aligns more closely with the higher objectives of Islamic law, which seek to ensure happiness, justice, and harmony within the family. This research recommends reinterpreting kafa’ah beyond social hierarchy toward spiritual, moral, and emotional equilibrium as the foundation of a harmonious marriage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhamad Agus Salim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP FENOMENA PERKAWINAN SIRI DIBAWAH UMUR TANPA WALI DI KABUPATEN LUMAJANG
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya praktik perkawinan siri yang dilakukan tanpa wali dan melibatkan anak di bawah umur, sebagaimana terjadi pada kasus di Kabupaten Lumajang. Praktik tersebut tidak hanya menimbulkan persoalan keabsahan perkawinan menurut hukum Islam, tetapi juga menunjukkan lemahnya perlindungan hukum terhadap anak sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keabsahan perkawinan siri tanpa wali pada anak di bawah umur dan mengevaluasi bentuk perlindungan hukum yang seharusnya diberikan oleh negara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis-normatif dengan analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, Kompilasi Hukum Islam, literatur terkait, serta interpretasi terhadap fenomena sosial yang muncul dalam kasus Lumajang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkawinan siri tanpa wali pada anak di bawah umur tidak sah baik menurut hukum negara maupun hukum Islam. Praktik tersebut juga melanggar prinsip best interest of the child dan menempatkan anak dalam situasi rentan terhadap kekerasan, eksploitasi, serta kehilangan hak-hak perdata. Kesimpulan penelitian menegaskan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap anak dalam konteks ini belum berjalan efektif. Diperlukan penguatan pengawasan, edukasi hukum masyarakat, serta penegakan hukum yang konsisten untuk mencegah praktik serupa di masa mendatang.
Copyright (c) 2025 Uswatun Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
THE GENEALOGY OF TAQNĪN AL-AHKĀM AND ITS INITIAL IMPLEMENTATION IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
Taqnīn al-Ahkām represents a distinctive mode of applying Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) within the framework of modern state governance. While the historical emergence of taqnīn has been widely described, its conceptual foundations and theoretical positioning within Islamic legal thought remain insufficiently articulated. This study examines the genealogical development of taqnīn al-Ahkām, tracing its conceptual roots and historical manifestations, and analyzes its role as a juridical strategy for integrating fiqh into formal state legislation. Employing a qualitative historical–conceptual approach based on library research, this study analyzes primary classical texts and relevant secondary sources through contextual and conceptual analysis. The findings demonstrate that ideas resembling taqnīn can be identified as early as the writings of ʿAbd Allāh Ibn al-Muqaffaʿ, although they remained at the level of intellectual proposal. The first systematic and institutionalized implementation of taqnīn occurred during the Ottoman period through the Majalla al-Ahkām al-ʿAdliyyah, which marked a significant transformation of fiqh from normative jurisprudence into a codified legal system. This article argues that taqnīn al-Ahkām should be understood not merely as codification, but as a form of siyāsah sharʿiyyah that mediates between juristic norms and state legal authority. By clarifying the conceptual status of taqnīn within Islamic legal theory, this study contributes to contemporary debates on the adaptability of Islamic law in modern legislative contexts.
Copyright (c) 2025 Alby Labib Halbana Bunyamin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
RAISING THE MARRIAGE AGE, RAISING DISPENSATIONS? EVIDENCE FROM THE MALANG RELIGIOUS COURT AFTER CONSTITUTIONAL COURT DECISION NO. 22/PUU-XV/2017
This study examines the legal consequences of Constitutional Court Decision No. 22/PUU-XV/2017 on the minimum marriage age and its relationship with the rising number of marriage dispensation cases before the Malang Religious Court. Using an empirical juridical (socio-legal) approach, primary data were collected through interviews with judges and court clerks, while secondary data comprised relevant statutes, the Constitutional Court decision, and selected court rulings. The findings indicate that the decision was accommodated through Law No. 16 of 2019, which equalized the minimum marriage age at 19; however, implementation has redirected practices toward the dispensation mechanism. SIPP data show a sharp increase in dispensation petitions in the Malang City Religious Court (83 in 2018; 183 in 2019; 260 in 2020; 261 in 2021). Key constraints include open-textured dispensation standards, weak operational guidance and cross-sector coordination, the voluntary nature of proceedings, and broad judicial discretion that normalizes dispensations. Policy recommendations include tightening “urgent reasons” criteria, issuing stricter judicial guidelines, and requiring health-psychological assessments and child-protection involvement.
Copyright (c) 2025 Risma Nur Arifah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
JURIDICAL REVIEW OF MARRIAGE CONTRACTS FOR PREGNANT WOMEN: HARMONIZING ISLAMIC LAW AND INDONESIAN NATIONAL LAW ON LINEAGE AND CHILD PROTECTION
This study discusses the legal provisions regarding marriage contracts for pregnant women from the perspective of Islamic law and national law in Indonesia, with a focus on the validity of the contract and the status and rights of children born from such marriages. The method used is library research with a normative-comparative approach through the study of the Qur’an, hadith, Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 46/PUU-VIII/2010. The results of the study show that both legal systems basically allow the marriage of pregnant women in Islamic law as a form of moral responsibility and an effort to preserve offspring (hifz al-nasl), and national law through Article 53 of the KHI does not require waiting for the birth of the child, while the Constitutional Court Decision provides certainty of civil protection for children born out of wedlock based on biological evidence. This study fills a gap in the literature, which rarely conducts normative comparative analyses between Islamic law and constitutional jurisprudence regarding the implications of a child’s status. The main contribution of this research is to offer an interpretive harmonization framework that integrates biological evidence and the principle of protecting offspring to strengthen legal certainty and child protection. These findings have implications for recommendations for more coherent family law policies between religious norms and positive provisions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yurizka Syahdani Nst, Uswatun Hasanah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
PRINSIP KESETARAAN DAN KEPASTIAN HUKUM DALAM AKAD MURABAHAH DAN PERJANJIAN KREDIT: STUDI KOMPARATIF SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA DAN MALAYSIA
This study compares the principles of equality and legal certainty between murabahah contracts in Islamic banking and credit agreements in conventional banking in Indonesia and Malaysia. Both countries share similar socio-religious backgrounds as Muslim-majority nations but differ in their legal systems: Indonesia adopts the civil law system, while Malaysia applies the common law system. This research employed a normative juridical approach through analysis of legislation, scholarly literature, and judicial practices. The findings reveal that the murabahah contract upholds the principle of partnership, positioning customers and banks on an equal footing in accordance with Sharia principles, whereas conventional credit agreements tend to be hierarchical due to standardized clauses dominated by banks. In the Malaysian context, the diversity of murabahah models—such as Bai‘ al-‘Inah, Bay‘ al-Dayn, and Bay‘ bithaman ajil—reflects legal innovation but also generates fiqh debates concerning elements of riba and the validity of the contracts. These findings indicated that strengthening the principles of equality and legal certainty in Sharia financing contracts is essential for maintaining the legitimacy and sustainability of Islamic economic law in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rahmad Nauli Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0