INSTRUCTIONAL PRACTICES OF SECONDARY TEACHERS AND STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

COVID-19 pandemic can make school and instructional practices at risk. The purpose of this research was to study the teaching and learning activities through an online classroom. The research approach used in this research is a quantitative research approach. The research design used in this study was a survey research design. The type of survey used was a cross-sectional survey design. The choice of a cross-sectional survey design was carried out to measure the behaviour of a number of populations through a sample regarding the level of integrity of the teaching and learning process Jurnal Pedagogik, Vol. 08 No. 01, Januari-Juni 2021 ISSN : 2354-7960, E-ISSN : 2528-5793 https://ejournal.unuja.ac.id/index.php/pedagogik Instructional Practices of Secondary Teachers and Students ... 195 using online classrooms as a variable in the study. The informants were 23 teachers and 146 students from one secondary school, Mahasarakham province, Thailand. Data were obtained in Semester 2 Academic Year 2020. A questionnaire about online learning was used for data collection through Google form. Mean and standard deviation was employed for data analysis. Findings showed that teachers and students had opinions are at fluctuating level. Some opinions may need discussion for online learning by enhancing technological skills, reskill or upskill in field of educational technology are required for effective instruction.

. Learning from home enables students safe and serve, knowledge delivery, and anytime anywhere access by self (Rahman et al., 2019;Onyema et al., 2020).
However, some educators have anxiety with inequity of learning in this pandemic era because different technology cannot response all students. Methods and tools for active online learning should be discussed in what and how students learn? Students can learn by themselves from various actions. Therefore, teaching in a normal situation will be a learning arrangement that occurs primarily in class or in school (Churiyah et al., 2020). Teachers and students learn together through the teaching materials and learning processes designed by teachers.
Information technology has played an important role as a tool in the development and has been applied to online learning. Teaching and learning seem to be distanced that teacher and students do not need to go to school during COVID-19 outbreak (Chick et al., 2020).
Teachers and students must switch from classroom to online, adapt to an unfamiliar way of life. That is, teachers need more time to prepare their lessons and reskill for online instruction. Even though students get homework and learn more time for themselves than they do in class.
But teachers and students' interactions have not diminished. The learning community still exists, but the area of learning moved from school to smartphone or computer (Bali & Ruzifah, 2021;Hebebci et.al., 2020). Online learning can be effective for all students that it relies on a number of factors, including technological readiness, teacher readiness in new teaching, and the readiness of families and students to learn from home.
The COVID-19 pandemic affects teaching and learning activities around the world, with many teachers and students affected by school closures because schools are at very high risk of spreading. Schools must be closed to reduce the risk of spreading which has a significant impact on classroom (Aliyyah et al., 2020;Esposito & Principi, 2020). Students are not allowed to attend school and no stop learning in this period. Therefore, it is necessary to do everything possible to ensure that the teaching and learning can be conducted as efficiently as possible as the environment (Bali & Holilah, 2021;Smoyer et.al., 2020). The concept of knowledge delivery from teacher to students had launched through online learning.
However, we have not yet known how to manipulate online learning for students in appropriate way. Teachers play an important role in managing learning for students', that is necessary to adapt and develop online environment This change is a huge challenge for teachers and students to adapt and learn which is a problem and a barrier to change in pandemic era. At the same time, it enables teachers and students to learn in alternative way, developing educational technology that forms the basis of future learning. This research investigates instructional practices of secondary teachers and students during pandemic era from one school in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. The findings will be useful for development suitable active online learning. It may find the feedback and necessary guideline for educators to implement active online learning as well.

Method
The survey method is employed in this study. The research approach used in this research is a quantitative research approach. The research design used in this study was a survey research design. The type of survey used was a cross sectional survey design. The choice of a cross The data from the analysis is used to group the issues and present them in essays to explain the students and teachers about online instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Students and Online Learning
The opinions of student towards instructional practices via online learning found that they had high level. But some items are rather low level and need to be discussed. learning. More details of each items can be shown in Table   2. subjects, there are more assignments in the class, in some subjects where co-teaching employed that two teachers do not communicate mismatch and assign overwork.
As a result, students are concerned and stressed, afraid of failing to deliver their jobs and being deducted from their grades. Online learning at home requires parents to work at home, so they can't manage their time and getting a delivery lesson on time (Wijaya et al., 2020).
They are enthusiasm for admission is diminishing, as online learning at home does not have teachers as stimulating as in the classroom (Rulandari, 2020). Students are unable to work as a group job because online learning at home prevents them from joining together. If the duration of online classes, which in some subjects exceed the schedule. It feels bored and tired if teachers spend too long duration on teaching period. Students prefer to study in class due to it makes them more concentrated and not as boring as studying online at home.

Teachers and Online Teaching
Teachers express their opinion about online teaching in variety items. It found that they had high level of opinion, but a fluctuating is reported between high and low levels. The 3 top items in high level can be listed: I can assign a work sheet to a student via online, I am intent on teaching online, and I can assign students online. More details of each items can be shown in Table 3.  (Nuangchalerm, 2020). Because teachers are key role to help students success in the learning achievements.
On the other hands, if technology skills aren't enough, it's not going to be enough to manage to learn.
Internet and the availability of each student have limitations to access the educational resources. Some students' home environments may not be suitable for online learning, as they also need to help with their parents' work or do their homework as usual. Students rarely attend classes, which online classes can be a way for some students to take advantage of the opportunity to not attend. Teachers don't know if each time a student learns the full knowledge because they don't interact, they don't answer questions. Teachers can't follow, which also depends on the student's responsibility. The readiness is required for them to understand how to use technology for education, make it be positive use for learning in the new normal education .

Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it showed that teachers and students had opinions are at fluctuating level. Some opinions may be need discussion for online learning by enhancing technological skills, reskill or upskill in field of educational technology are required for effective instruction. This information can be used as a way to design learning management that suitable to the needs of students in the current situation. Technology will play a more educational role as a new way of life. The preparation and readiness of teachers and students in the new normal education should be designed and bring technology to enhance learning together.