Energy Efficiency and Performance of PMSM Drives in Electric Vehicles under Variable Loads

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/jeecom.v8i2.16859
Authors

(1) * I Ketut Wiryajati   (Universitas Mataram)  
        Indonesia
(2)  I Made Mara   (Universitas Mataram)  
        Indonesia
(3)  I Chatur Adhi Wirya Aryadi   (Universitas Mataram)  
        Indonesia
(4)  Ida Ayu Sri Adnyani   (Universitas Mataram)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study evaluates the performance and energy efficiency of an electric vehicle powertrain based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor under varying speed and load conditions using a real-time monitoring system. Experiments were conducted at speeds of 10–40 km/h and loads of 50–200 kg, measuring voltage, current, power, efficiency, and specific energy consumption. Results show that efficiency increases significantly from approximately 66% at low speeds to over 90% at higher speeds, while specific energy consumption decreases from 118 Wh/km to around 60 Wh/km, indicating improved energy utilization. Load variation has a relatively minor effect on efficiency but contributes to higher current and power demand. Efficiency gradient analysis reveals a reduced rate of improvement at higher speeds, suggesting saturation effects and the presence of an optimal operating region. Measurement validation confirms low error levels (<5%), ensuring data reliability. Overall, the system demonstrates optimal performance at medium to high speeds with significantly enhanced energy efficiency.

Keywords

Electric vehicle; energy efficiency; speed drive; specific energy consumption; real-time monitoring system







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