Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Berbasis Sensorimotor pada Anak dengan Down Syndrome: Studi Kasus di PNTC Karanganyar

Abstract

Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by chromosomal abnormalities that may affect motor development, postural control, sensory processing, and functional abilities in children. Children with Down Syndrome commonly present with hypotonia, postural instability, delayed motor milestones, and sensory integration problems that may interfere with daily activities. This case study aimed to describe physiotherapy management and clinical responses related to balance, trunk control, functional activity, and sensory responses in a child with Down Syndrome. The subject was a 4.5-year-old boy diagnosed with Down Syndrome who received six physiotherapy sessions over four weeks at PNTC Karanganyar. The intervention was conducted 2–3 times per week and consisted of neurosensory stimulation, myofascial release, stretching or passive ROM exercise, brain gym, blocking, play therapy, and massage. Evaluation was performed using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS), Trunk Control Measurement Scale (TCMS), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI), and Sensory Profile. The results showed mild improvement in balance, indicated by an increase in PBS score from 36 to 42, and improvement in trunk control, with the TCMS score increasing from 48/58 to 49/58. Functional ability remained relatively stable; however, observational improvement was found in participation, attention, and tolerance during therapy activities. In conclusion, physiotherapy intervention contributed positively to improving balance, trunk control, and participation in a child with Down Syndrome, although the clinical changes were relatively mild.