Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien HIV Berdasarkan Hasil Viral Load GeneXpert di Puskesmas Umbulharjo 1 Tahun 2025

Abstract

HIV remains a major public health concern that requires continuous monitoring. Viral load testing is an important indicator for assessing the virological condition of people living with HIV and monitoring their response to antiretroviral therapy. Describing patient characteristics based on viral load results is important to identify the distribution of viral load status among HIV patients in healthcare facilities. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of HIV patients based on viral load test results using GeneXpert at Umbulharjo 1 Public Health Center in 2025 and to determine the association between patient characteristics, including sex, age group, population group, and residence, and viral load status. This study used an observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Secondary data were obtained from HIV patient registers and GeneXpert examination reports at Umbulharjo 1 Public Health Center from January to December 2025. Of the 156 patient records initially identified, 152 met the inclusion criteria and were included as the study sample using total sampling. Univariate analysis was performed to describe the frequency and percentage distributions of patient characteristics and viral load status. Bivariate analysis was conducted to assess the association between patient characteristics and viral load status using Odds Ratios (ORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), and p-values, with a significance level of 5%. Among the 152 patients, 139 (91.4%) were male, 115 (75.7%) were aged 25–49 years, 111 (73.0%) belonged to the men who have sex with men (MSM) population group, and 86 (56.6%) resided in the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). The examination results showed that 77 patients (50.7%) had detectable viral loads, while 75 (49.3%) had undetectable viral loads. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant association between sex and viral load status (p=0.412; OR=1.62; 95% CI: 0.51–5.13), age group (p=0.808), population group (p=0.349), or residence (p=0.853; OR=1.06; 95% CI: 0.59–1.91). HIV patients at Umbulharjo 1 Public Health Center in 2025 were predominantly male, aged 25–49 years, belonged to the MSM population group, and resided in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. A total of 50.7% of patients had detectable viral loads. No statistically significant association was found between sex, age group, population group, or residence and viral load status.