Predisposisi Kejadian Preeklampsia di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Arjasa tahun 2024

Abstract

The diagnosis of preeclampsia is established based on pregnancy-induced hypertension accompanied by other organ system disorders occurring at a gestational age of more than 20 weeks. The incidence of preeclampsia in the working area of Arjasa Public Health Center (Puskesmas Arjasa) in 2023 was 32 cases, or 5.4%. Several predisposing factors for preeclampsia include parity, nulliparity, pre-pregnancy obesity, a history of previous preeclampsia, and multigravidity with a new partner. The purpose of this study was to describe the predisposing factors of preeclampsia in the working area of Arjasa Public Health Center. The research design used was a descriptive method with a retrospective approach. The sampling technique employed total sampling, involving 32 pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia. The research instruments consisted of registers and patient medical records from the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) clinic. The results showed that pregnant women with certain risk histories were still considerably high, particularly obesity and first pregnancy with a new partner, each accounting for 28.1%. Other contributing predisposing factors included chronic hypertension and a history of previous preeclampsia (each 12.5%), as well as high-risk pregnancy spacing (9.4%). Only a small proportion of respondents were nulliparous (6.3%) and pregnancies with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (3.1%). These findings indicate that various maternal risk factors remain important issues requiring attention in efforts to prevent pregnancy complications. Overall, the study emphasizes that maternal risk factors are multifactorial and interrelated, making early detection, close monitoring, and education essential components for midwives to prevent pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia.