.png){kind=logo}
Ethical Implications of AI and Machine Learning in Education: A Systematic Analysis
AbstractEthical considerations should be examined to determine how AI and ML affect education. Educational AI and ML bring privacy, security, and student data usage problems. This research examined AI and ML ethics in higher education at selected universities. Ethical issues AI and machine learning in education provide fairness, privacy, and openness. AI training data may perpetuate educational biases and impair student achievement. For complete comprehension, mixed methods research included quantitative and qualitative data. Four Lusaka district universities contributed 100 survey respondents. The initiative included four universities' department chairs, professors, and students. Structured open-ended interviews and questionnaires collected data. Quantitative questionnaire data was descriptively examined in SPSS and Excel, while semi-structured interview data was thematically evaluated. According to research, AI may reduce educational monitoring and learner engagement. Another concern is the digital gap and AI access. AI's sophisticated skills may be inaccessible to impoverished students, worsening educational inequity. The report advised training students and staff on data security and providing explicit permission procedures for data use in AI-driven educational systems, including strong encryption, anonymisation, and access limits.
|
Keywords
Full Text:
References
M. M. E. I. Bali, M. P. Kumalasani, and D. Yunilasari, “Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Perspicacity Relation between Educators and Students,” J. Innov. Educ. Cult. Res., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 146–152, 2022, doi: 10.46843/jiecr.v3i2.88.
Adzima, K. (2020). Examining Online Cheating in Higher Education Using Traditional Classroom Cheating as a Guide. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 18(6), Article 6. https://doi.org/10.34190/JEL.18.6.002.
Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2017). Digital Learning Compass: Distance Education Enrollment Report 2017. Babson Survey Research Group.
Alma, V. L., Zohaib, H. S., Oki, D., Chanda, C. T., & Moses, A. A. (2024). Revolutionary Teaching Approaches: Exploring the Educational Landscape in Pakistan via Outcome-Based Education. Journal of Information Systems and Technology Research, Volume 3, Issue 2, 73-79, May 2024, Available: https://journal.aira.or.id/index.php/jistr/, ISSN: 2828-2973.
Banda, S., Mpolomoka, D. L., Mbono, D., & Sampa, R.L (2017). “Use of Questions In Qualitative Research: How Questions Guided Our Study”, International Journal of Development Research, 7, (12), 17895-17898, Available: http://www.journalijdr.com, ISSN: 2230-9926.
Bhattacharyya, S. S., & Kumar, S. (2021). Study of Deployment of “Low Code No Code” Applications Toward Improving Digitization of Supply Chain Management. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 14(2).
Bishop, C. M. (2006). Pattern recognition and machine learning. New York, NY: Springer.
Blythman, M., & Orr, S. (2003). A Coordinated Policy Approach to Assisting Students. In T. And M. Peelo's Film Failing Student in Higher Education (45-55). Open University Press.
Braxton, J., Bray, N., & Berger, J. (2000). Faculty Teaching Abilities and How They Affect How College Students Leave. Journal of College Student Development, 41, 215-227.
Burgess, A., Roberts, C., Ayton, T., & Mellis, C. (2018). Implementation of Modified Team Based Learning within a Problem Based Learning Medical Curriculum: A Focus Group Study. BMC Med Educ. 2018; 18 (1):74.
Chanda, C. T. (2024). Factors Leading to Early Marriages in Selected Communities of Lusaka District in Zambia. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, |Volume VIII, Issue I, 192-205, January 2024, Available: http://www.rsisinternational.org/, 10.47772/IJRISS.2024.801015, |ISSN 2454-6186.
Chanda, C. T. (2024). The Impact of Remote Learning on Educational Outcomes: A Case of Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Lusaka District, Zambia. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 5, no 7, pp 587-596, July 2024, Available: www.ijrpr.com, ISSN 2582-7421.
Chanda, C. T. (2024b). Student Retention in Higher Learning Institutions of Zambia. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 5, no 6, pp 433-441, May 2024, Available: www.ijrpr.com, ISSN 2582-7421.
Chanda, C. T., Chisebe, S., Mainde, D., Madoda, D., Mwansa, P., & Zohaib, H. S. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Online Civic Education Platforms on Educator Competency and Student Outcomes: A Case of Selected Higher Learning Institutions in Zambia. Journal for Studies in Management and Planning, Volume 10 Issue 07, 1-20, July 2024, Available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13222167, ISSN: 2395-0463.
Chanda, C. T., Chisebe, S., & Ngulube, L. (2024d). An Investigation into the Implementation of Self-Reliant and Entrepreneurial Education in Selected Zambian Universities. International Journal of Research (IJR), Vol. 11, Issue 07, 77-96, July 2024, Available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12706296, e-ISSN: 2348-6848.
Chanda, C. T., & Madoda, D. (2024). Exploring the Relationship between Cultural Identity and Educational Equity: A Zambian Analysis. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, Vol 5, no 5, pp 11440-11448, May 2024, Available: www.ijrpr.com, ISSN 2582-7421.
Chanda, C. T., Mpolomoka, D. L., Mwila, M. G., Mulenga, D. M., & Zohaib, H. S. (2024). Free Education vs. Quality Education: A systematic analysis. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(01), 2934-2946, August 2024, Available: https://wjarr.com/, https//:doi.org:10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2306.
Chanda, C. T., Mwansa, P., Chisebe, S., Mulenga, D. M., Mwila, M. G., & Phiri, E. V. (2024c). The Impact of Educational Leadership on Student Achievement: A Comparative Analysis of Urban and Rural Schools. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, Volume 50, Issue 8, Page 444-461, August 2024; Article no.AJESS.121711, Available: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i81542, ISSN: 2581-6268.
Chanda, C. T., & Phiri, E. V. (2024). The Efficacy and Acceptance of Online Learning vs. Offline Learning in Higher Learning Institutions: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Research (IJR), Vol. 11, Issue 08, 149-170, August 2024, Available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13299777, e-ISSN: 2348-6848.
Chanda, C. T., & Zohaib, H. S. (2024). “Harnessing Information Communication Technology in Civic Education Teaching and Learning: A Comprehensive Review”. Global Scientific Journals, Volume 12, Issue 4, 112-131, April 2024, Available: www.globalscientificjournals.com, ISSN 2320-9186.
Chanda, C. T., & Zohaib, H. S., Mpolomoka, D. L., Akpan, W. M., & Mainde, D. (2024). Curriculum Design for the Digital Age: Strategies for Effective Technology Integration in Higher Education. International Journal of Research (IJR), Vol. 11, Issue 07, 185-201, July 2024, Available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13123899, e-ISSN: 2348-6848.
Chanda, C. T., Zohaib, H. S., Shogbesan, Y. O., Phiri, E. V., & Akpan, W. M. (2024). Digital Literacy in Education: Preparing Students for the Future Workforce. International Journal of Research (IJR), Vol. 11, Issue 08, 149-170, August 2024, Available: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13347718, e-ISSN: 2348-6848.
Chen, L. (2022). Current and Future Artificial Intelligence (AI) Curriculum in Business School: A Text Mining Analysis. Journal of Information Systems Education, 33(4), 416-426.
Cheng, X., Mo, W., & Duan, Y. (2023). Factors Contributing to Learning Satisfaction with Blended Learning Teaching Mode among Higher Education Students in China. Front Psychol. (2023) 14:1193675. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193675.
Duan, Y., Li, Z., Wang, X., Gao Z., & Zhang, H. (2021). Application of Online Case-Based Learning in the Teaching of Clinical Anesthesia for Residents during the COVID-19 Epidemic. BMC Med Educ. (2021) 21:609. doi: 10.1186/s12909-021-03047-2.
Fredriksson, T., Mattos, D. I., Bosch, J., & Olsson, H. H. (2020). Data labeling: An empirical investigation into industrial challenges and mitigation strategies. In International Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement (pp. 202-216). Springer, Cham.
Gaber, D. A., Shehata, M. H., & Amin, H. A. (2020). Online Team‐ Based Learning Sessions as Interactive Methodologies during the Pandemic [J]. Medical Education, 2020.DOI: 10.1111/medu.14198.
Gianoni-Capenakas, S., Lagravere, M., & Pacheco-Pereira, C. (2019). Effectiveness and Perceptions of Flipped Learning Model in Dental Education: A Systematic Review [J]. Journal of Dental Education, 2019. DOI:10.21815/JDE.01.
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The Difference between Emergency Remote Teaching and Online Learning. Educause Review.
Jordan, M. I., & Mitchell, T. M. (2015). Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects, Science, 349(6245), 255-260.
Kelleher, J. D., & Brendan, T. (2018). Machine Learning 101. In Data Science (pp. 97-150), MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11140.003.0008.
Kühl, N., Schemmer, M., Goutier, M., & Satzger, G. (2022). Artificial intelligence and machine learning. Electronic Markets, 32, 2235-2244.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y. & Hinton, G. (2015) Deep Learning. Nature, 521, 436–444.
Lins, S., Pandl, K. D., Teigeler, H., Thiebes, S., Bayer, C., & Sunyaev, A. (2021). Artificial Intelligence as a Service, Business & Information Systems Engineering, 63(4), 441- 456.
Miller, P. M., & Hafner, M. M. (2008). Moving Toward Dialogical Collaboration: A Critical Examination of a University-School-Community Partnership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(1), 66-110.
Mpolomoka, D. L., & Sakai, M. M. (2021). Teaching Visually Impaired Learners with Language Disorders: A Reflective Encounter in a Classroom. The Educational Review, USA, 5(1), 11-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.26855/er.2021.01.003.
Mumbi, M., & Nyirenda, M. (2024). Towards Automated Assessment of Learning Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions in Zambia. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 10.4236/ojapps.2024.145083. ISSN Online: 2165-392, ISSN Print: 2165-3917.
Pei, L., & Wu, H. (2019). Does Online Learning Work Better than Offline Learning in Undergraduate Medical Education? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Med Educ Online. 2019; 24(1):1666538.
Wang, B., Zhang, M., Zhao, Z., Huang, Y., Li, J., Chen, X., Su, J., & Yi, M. (2023). Multidimensional Evaluation of Offline and Online Education in Dermatology Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Chinese Teaching Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study. BMC Med Educ. 2023; 23 (1):195.
Watters, A. (2021). Teaching Machines: The History of Personalized Learning. MIT Press.
Xu, Y., Wang, L., Li, P., Xu, H., Liu, Z., & Ji, M. (2023). Exploring the Impact of Online and Offline Teaching Methods on the Cognitive Abilities of Medical Students: A Comparative Study. BMC Med Educ. (2023) 23:557. doi: 10.1186/s12909-023-04549-x,
Yang, F., Lin, W., & Wang, Y. (2021). Flipped Classroom Combined with Case-Based Learning is an Effective Teaching Modality in Nephrology Clerkship. BMC Med Educ. 2021; 21(1):276.
Yildirim, Y., & Celepcikay, A. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in Education. Eurasian Journal of Higher Education, 2(4), 1–11. Retrieved from https://londonic.uk/js/index.php/ljis/article/view/49.
Zhang, X., Zhang, B., & Zhang, F. (2023). Student-centered Case-Based Teaching and Online-Offline Case Discussion in Postgraduate Courses of Computer Science. Int J Educ Technol High Educ. 2023; 20(1):6.
Zohaib, H. S., Sovia, M. A., & Chanda, C. T. (2024b). Exploring the ChatGPT Era: Finding Equilibrium between Innovation and Tradition in Education. Middle East Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 4(4): 116-121, Available: http://www.kspublisher.com/, 10.36348/merjhss.2024.v04i04.001.
Zohaib, H. S., Vasudevan, A., Serban, R., & Chanda, C. T. (2024). Integrating Artificial Intelligence in Education: Understanding Students' Perceptions. JEIS: Journal of Education and Islamic Studies, Vol. 1, 1 (Januari, 2024), pp. 80-87, Available: https://doi.org/10.62083/d62dea91, EISSN: 3048-1295
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Zohaib Hassan Sain
International Journal of Instructional Technology
Published by Lembaga Penerbitan, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP3M)
Universitas Nurul Jadid, Karanganyar, Paiton, Probolinggo, Jawa Timur, Indonesia 67291
Phone: 0888-30-77077; 08231-800-79-53
Website: https://lp3m.unuja.ac.id/
Email: ijit.lp3m@unuja.ac.id
P-ISSN: 2828-867X | E-ISSN: 2828-9145
This ejournal system and its contents are licensed under
a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.