The Urgency of the Relationship of Ulama and Government in the Development of Religious Diversity in Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/at-turas.v10i2.6871

Authors (s)


(1) * Hasan Sazali   (UIN Sumatera Utara)  
        Indonesia
(2)  Sahirman Sahirman   (STIT Syekh Saman Al-Hasan Gayo Lues)  
        Indonesia
(3)  Iryuha Tantawi   (UIN Sumatera Utara)  
        Indonesia
(4)  Karimuddin Abdullah Lawang   (IAI Al-Aziziyah Samalanga)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Indonesia is a large country that has residents with various religious and religious backgrounds. As a country with a society of various religions, of course the state will not be able to protect and fulfill all the dynamic needs of its people if there is no support or relationships from elements of the people themselves. So, this is where the government needs relations or partners who can work side by side in realizing peace in religion. In this case, the ulama are one of the government's working partners, so it is necessary to study the urgency of the relationship between the ulama and the government in realizing the development of religious diversity in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods with a schematic sociology approach. The data sources come from various literature, which is then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the research conclude: 1) The relationship between ulama and the Indonesian government in realizing peace is very necessary because society in general is close to ulama so that when ulama unite with the government then the government's call is the ulama's call, what is ordered by the government will be more easily obeyed by the community both in terms of tolerance in religion and in other matters. 2) The development of religious diversity in Indonesia has experienced positive developments, because every religious adherent in Indonesia has provided tolerance for each community, both for the community itself and towards communities of other religions.

Keywords

Relations between Ulama; Government; Religious Diversity.



Full Text: PDF



References


Abdulsyani. (2012). Sociology: Schematics, Theory, and Applications. Bumi Aksara.

Agastia, I. G. B. D., Perwita, A. A. B., & Subedi, D. B. (2020). Countering violent extremism through state-society partnerships: a case study of de-radicalisation programmes in Indonesia. Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism, 15(1), 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/18335330.2020.1722317

Aldoughli, R. (2020). Departing ‘Secularism’: boundary appropriation and extension of the Syrian state in the religious domain since 2011. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 00(00), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13530194.2020.1805299

Arifianto, A. R. (2021). From ideological to political sectarianism: Nahdlatul Ulama, Muhammadiyah, and the state in Indonesia. Religion, State and Society, 49(2), 126–141. https://doi.org/10.1080/09637494.2021.1902247

Astuti, M. (2012). Empowerment of Poor Women Based on the Utilization of Local Resources Through a Social Entrepreneurship Approach (Case Study in Disadvantaged Areas, Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra). Jurnal Sosiokonsepsia, 17(03), 241–251.

Baidhawy, Z. (2007). Building harmony and peace through multiculturalist theology-based religious education: An alternative for contemporary Indonesia. British Journal of Religious Education, 29(1), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200601037478

Bellows, L. (2011). The aroused public in search of the pornographic in Indonesia. Ethnos, 76(2), 209–232. https://doi.org/10.1080/00141844.2011.552731

Bourchier, D. M. (2019). Two Decades of Ideological Contestation in Indonesia: From Democratic Cosmopolitanism to Religious Nationalism. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 49(5), 713–733. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2019.1590620

Brown, G. (2019). Civic Islam: Muhammadiyah, NU and the Organisational Logic of Consensus-making in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 43(3), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2019.1626802

Febri Rohiman Hidayat, Dadan Kurniansyah, R. R. (2023). The Role of Nahdlatul Ulama Ulama in Overseeing Government Programs in Deradicalization Efforts in Karawang Regency. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(April), 162–174.

Gunawan, E. (2017). Relations between Religion and State: Perspective of Islamic Thought. Kuriositas, 11(2), 105–125.

Hamayotsu, K. (2013). The Limits of Civil Society in Democratic Indonesia: Media Freedom and Religious Intolerance. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 43(4), 658–677. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.780471

Hefner, R. W. (2013). the Study of Religious Freedom in Indonesia. Review of Faith and International Affairs, 11(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2013.808038

Hoon, C. Y. (2017). Putting Religion into Multiculturalism: Conceptualising Religious Multiculturalism in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 41(3), 476–493. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2017.1334761

Ichwan, M. N., Salim, A., & Srimulyani, E. (2020). Islam and Dormant Citizenship: Soft Religious Ethno-Nationalism and Minorities in Aceh, Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 0(0), 215–240. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2020.1780407

Jahja, E. M. R. R. S. E. S. D. S. B. T. A. N. K. M. H. A. N. S. K. A. S. (2023). QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini.

Karimuddin, K. (2020). The History Of The King's Jurisdiction And The Right Of The King's Authority In Judging (An Interpretation of the Origins of Civil and Criminal Cases). SYARIAH: Journal of Islamic Law, 2(1), 78-93.

Komara, E. (2016). Post-Reformation Indonesian Political System. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 2(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.15408/sd.v2i2.2814

Laksana, B. K. C., & Wood, B. E. (2019). Navigating religious diversity: exploring young people’s lived religious citizenship in Indonesia. Journal of Youth Studies, 22(6), 807–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2018.1545998

Lindsey, T. (2012). Monopolising Islam: The Indonesian Ulama Council and state regulation of the “Islamic economy.” Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 48(2), 253–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2012.694157

Makin, A. (2019). Returning to the Religion of Abraham: Controversies over the Gafatar Movement in Contemporary Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 30(1), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2019.1570425

Millie, J., & Hindasah, L. (2015). Regional Aspects of the Indonesian Ulama Council’s Ideological Turn. Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 16(3), 260–281. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442213.2015.1034167

Mutohharun Jinan. (2013). New Media Intervention and the Impersonalization of Religious Authorities in Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Islam, 03.

Nasir, M. A. (2014). The ʿUlamāʾ, Fatāwā and Challenges to Democracy in Contemporary Indonesia. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 25(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2014.926598

Nisa, E. F. (2018). Social media and the birth of an Islamic social movement: ODOJ (One Day One Juz) in contemporary Indonesia. Indonesia and the Malay World, 46(134), 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639811.2017.1416758

Parker, L. (2014). Religious education for peaceful coexistence in Indonesia? South East Asia Research, 22(4), 487–504. https://doi.org/10.5367/sear.2014.0231

Perucho, I. U. (2018). Cuius regio, eius religio: church-state dynamics and implications on religiosity, representation, and religious freedom in Spain and the Philippines. Review of Faith and International Affairs, 16(2), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/15570274.2018.1469828

Poerwandari, E. K., Munti, R. B., & Viemilawati, J. (2018). Pro-women’s policy advocacy movements in Indonesia: Struggles and reflections. Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 24(4), 489–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2018.1538646

Reynaldo de Archellie, Munawar Holil, and A. W. (2020). Indonesian Local Politics and the Marriage of Elite Interests: Case Study of Elite Democracy in Gorontalo. Cogent Arts and Humanities, 7(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2020.1838090

Rubin, A. (2012). Can Turkey’s state-religion relationship serve as a role model for emerging Arab regimes? A critical assessment. Contemporary Politics, 18(4), 367–380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2012.728028

Sakai, M., & Fauzia, A. (2014). Islamic orientations in contemporary Indonesia: Islamism on the rise? Asian Ethnicity, 15(1), 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2013.784513

Shah, M. A., Razak, M. A. A., & Al-Fijawi, M. F. A. (2019). Transformation of Myanmar Muslim Community: Singapore as a Role-Model. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 39(4), 493–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602004.2019.1684031

Simanjuntak, K. (2015). Implementation of Government Decentralization Policy in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja, 07(02), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.21787/jbp.07.2015.111-130

Siriyuvasak, U. (2005). People’s media and communication rights in Indonesia and the Philippines. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 6(2), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649370500104711

Study, D. (2013). International Society for Iranian Studies Demographic Study Continuity and Change in the Ulama Population of Najaf and Karbala , 1791-1904 : A Socio-Demographic Study *. 23(1), 31–60.

Sumaktoyo, N. G. (2020). A Price for Democracy? Religious Legislation and Religious Discrimination in Post-Soeharto Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 56(1), 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2019.1661354

Suryana, A. (2019). State Officials’ Entanglement with Vigilante Groups in Violence against Ahmadiyah and Shi’a Communities in Indonesia. Asian Studies Review, 43(3), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357823.2019.1633273

Susanto, E. H., Loisa, R., & Junaidi, A. (2020). Cyber media news coverage on diversity issues in Indonesia. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 30(4), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2019.1708525

Warf, B., & Vincent, P. (2007). Religious diversity across the globe: A geographic exploration. Social and Cultural Geography, 8(4), 597–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649360701529857

Wijaya Mulya, T., & Aditomo, A. (2019). Researching religious tolerance education using discourse analysis: a case study from Indonesia. British Journal of Religious Education, 41(4), 446–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2018.1556602

Yuda, T. K. (2020). Re-examining the institutional layering of social policy configuration in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 13(3), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/17516234.2019.1662164

Yusof, D. (2012). The discourse of power and knowledge in the social sciences and study of Muslim society. Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 23(3), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/09596410.2012.684858.

Zulfikar, A. Y. (2022). Transformasi Sosial dan Perubahan Dayah di Aceh. Yayasan Penerbit Muhammad Zaini.


Dimensions, PlumX, and Google Scholar Metrics

10.33650/at-turas.v10i2.6871


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Sahirman Sahirman, Iryuha Tantawi, Karimuddin Abdullah Lawang

This journal is licensed under a

 Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

P-ISSN: 2355-567X, E-ISSN: 2460-1063