HAK POLITIK NON-MUSLIM DALAM AL-QUR’AN: ANALISIS KOMPARATIF PENAFSIRAN AWLIYA’ DALAM TAFSIR NUSANTARA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/graduasi.v1i1.8233
Authors

(1) * Agil Fahim Ali   (Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Raden Abdullah Yaqin)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This article examines the political rights of non-Muslims in the Qur’an by focusing on the issue of public leadership, which is frequently associated with the term awliya’. The study is motivated by the recurring controversy over non-Muslim leadership in Indonesia and by the fact that previous studies have largely been limited to comparing two exegetes, without adequately incorporating the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ commentary into the broader discourse on the political rights of non-Muslims. This study aims to analyze the construction of the meaning of awliya’, to map the similarities and differences among the interpretations found in Tafsir Al-Azhar, Tafsir Al-Mishbah, and Al-Qur’an dan Tafsirnya, and to explain their implications for understanding the political rights of non-Muslims in modern Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative library research design with a thematic-comparative approach. The primary data consist of the three exegetical works, while the unit of analysis is focused on QS. Āli ‘Imrān (3): 28, QS. al-Mā’idah (5): 51, and QS. al-Mumtahanah (60): 8-9. The findings reveal that all three exegetes acknowledge the broad semantic range of awliya’, yet differ in deriving its political implications. Hamka tends to adopt a restrictive position by emphasizing the protection of the Muslim community; Quraish Shihab offers a more contextual reading through differentiating categories of non-Muslims; meanwhile, the Ministry of Religious Affairs’ commentary reflects a moderate-institutional and cautious stance. This study concludes that the verses on awliya’ are better understood as ethical guidance concerning loyalty, justice, and communal protection rather than as a single and absolute basis for denying the political rights of non-Muslim citizens in a modern nation-state such as Indonesia.

Keywords

Awliya’; Indonesian Exegesis; Leadership; Political Rights of Non-Muslims



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GRADUASI: Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner
Published by: Lembaga Penerbitan, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Nurul Jadid, Indonesia.
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