Pencegahan Perdagangan Orang melalui Penguatan Kapasitas dan Kesiapsiagaan Pekerja Migran Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/guyub.v7i3.16553
Authors

(1) * Askarmin Harun   (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)  
        Indonesia
(2)  Azmi Azmi   (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)  
        Indonesia
(3)  Asmen Asmen   (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)  
        Indonesia
(4)  Muhardi Muhardi   (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)  
        Indonesia
(5)  Fanny Sona Avil   (Universitas Riau Kepulauan)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


The initial assessment of 43 Indonesian migrant workers (IMWs) in Malaysia revealed that 26 participants were unable to identify at least two official assistance channels, 17 lacked complete copies of essential documents, and 21 expressed concerns about the potential consequences of reporting risky situations. This community engagement program aimed to strengthen IMWs’ capacity to recognize human trafficking schemes, assess risks, determine preventive actions, and access official assistance. Scenario-based education was employed to develop decision-making skills in situations resembling real-world challenges. The program was conducted from 16 to 19 July 2026 at the Indonesian Embassy in Malaysia, involving 43 IMWs. It comprised four stages: recognizing trafficking schemes, assessing risks, breaking the chain of exploitation, and accessing assistance. The program was evaluated using pre- and post-intervention Situational Judgment Tests (SJTs), risk-indicator classification tasks, and referral-pathway simulations. The results showed a 57.3% increase in the mean SJT score, from 12.35 to 19.42. Following the intervention, 83.7% of participants achieved a high decision-making score. The mean risk-indicator classification score increased from 8.58 to 13.07, while the referral-pathway simulations achieved an average score of 3.40 on a four-point scale. These findings indicate an improvement in participants’ decision-making capacity following scenario-based education. Strengthening IMWs’ capacity should be supported by accessible, clearly defined, and coordinated protection services.

Keywords

Human Trafficking; Indonesian Migrant Workers; Decision Making; Prevention; Protection Governance.



Full Text: PDF



References


ASEAN. (2023). ASEAN declaration on the protection of migrant workers and family members in crisis situations and its guidelines. ASEAN Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315512457-1

ASEAN. (2024). ASEAN migration outlook (2nd ed.). ASEAN Secretariat. https://doi.org/10.1355/9789814311359-027

Asis, M. M. B. (2023). The ‘ASEAN Way’ in migration governance. In M. Crawley & J. Teye (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of South–South migration and inequality (pp. 747–764). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_31

Auguste, M. E., Yagci Sokat, K., Wigle, C., Baglin, C., et al. (2024). Reporting on human trafficking crimes: A national transportation survey. Journal of Transportation Security, 17, Article 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-024-00277-5

Blackstone, N. T., Rodríguez-Huerta, E., Battaglia, K., et al. (2023). Forced labour risk is pervasive in the US land-based food supply. Nature Food, 4, 596–606. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00794-x

Iglesias-Rios, L., & Handal, A. J. (2025). Everybody wants to make money from them: A qualitative study on labor exploitation and labor trafficking of farmworkers in Michigan. Discover Social Science and Health, 5, Article 99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44155-025-00258-6

ILO, Walk Free, & IOM. (2022). Global estimates of modern slavery: Forced labour and forced marriage. International Labour Organization. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

IOM Indonesia. (n.d.). Penanganan perdagangan orang dan migrasi tenaga kerja. International Organization for Migration.

Irawan, B., Firdaus, Jaya, B. P. M., Taufiqurrohman, A. H. A., Sari, S. W., & Furqoni, S. (2025). State responsibility and strategy in preventing and protecting Indonesian fisheries crews working on foreign fishing vessels from modern slavery. Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 17(2), 186–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/18366503.2024.233310

Jones, T. (2023). Perceptions of the benefits and barriers to anti-human trafficking interagency collaboration: An exploratory factor analysis study. Societies, 13(2), Article 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc13020038

Kementerian Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. (2025). 340 calon pekerja migran berhasil diselamatkan dari sindikat perdagangan orang. KP2MI. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2024). Peraturan Menteri Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Nomor 2 Tahun 2024 tentang pencegahan dan penanganan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang berbasis masyarakat. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

Koesrianti, K., Khan, S. R., Widiati, E. P., Ramli, L., & Maradona, M. (2026). A humanist approach to migration governance: Protecting irregular Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia. Cogent Social Sciences, 12(1), 2652102. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2026.2652102

Lainez, N. (2022). Debt, trafficking and safe migration: The brokered mobility of Vietnamese sex workers to Singapore. Geoforum, 137, 164–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.01.021

Obi, U. S., Chukwuma, A., Agu, I., Eigbiremolen, G., & Mbachu, C. (2024). Development and validation of situational judgement test for assessment of behavioural competencies required for effective medical practice in Nigeria. BMC Medical Education, 24, Article 1295. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-06298-x

Palumbo, L. (2024). EU instruments on labour exploitation and trafficking: Preventing, protecting, or amplifying situational vulnerabilities? In L. Palumbo & A. Sciurba (Eds.), Labour migration in the European Union (pp. 75–96). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55424-7_4

Prianto, A. L., Amri, A. R., & Ajis, M. N. (2023). Governance and protection of Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia: A study on policy and innovation network. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 7(2), 214–249. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

Republik Indonesia. (2007). Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang.

Republik Indonesia. (2017). Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.19184/jseahr.v7i2.44185

Runturambi, A. J. S., & Arifin, R. (2025). New patterns and trends of migration: Hybrid-crimes among Indonesian migrant workers in Southeast Asia. Regional Science Policy & Practice, 17(10), 100215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rspp.2025.100215

Sofiani, T., Kamalludin, I., & Jarimal @ Safri, N. B. (2025). Legal dilemma of undocumented Indonesian migrant workers in Malaysia: Compliance or non-compliance? Al-Risalah: Forum Kajian Hukum dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan, 25(2), 105–124. https://doi.org/10.30631/alrisalah.v25i2.1998

Strand, V., Lotfi, M., Flynn, A., & Walker, H. (2024). A systematic literature review of modern slavery in supply chain management: State of the art, framework development and research opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140301

Strating, R., Rao, S., & Yea, S. (2024). Human rights at sea: The limits of inter-state cooperation in addressing forced labour on fishing vessels. Marine Policy, 159, 105934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105934

Suhada, S. (2024). Pemberdayaan dan advokasi komunitas migran Indonesia di Malaysia. Refugee Law and Advocacy, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.20885/RLA.Vol4.iss1.art5

UNODC. (2024). Global report on trafficking in persons 2024. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. https://doi.org/10.20885/RLA.Vol4.iss1.art5

Utami, T. K. (2024). Regulation of legal sanctions against perpetrators of non-procedural placement of Indonesian migrant workers: A human trafficking perspective. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2421347. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2421347

Wang, D., Oostrom, J. K., & Schollaert, E. (2023). The importance of situation evaluation and the ability to identify criteria in a construct-driven situational judgment test. Personality and Individual Differences, 208, 112182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112182

Webster, E. S., Paton, L. W., Crampton, P. E. S., & Tiffin, P. A. (2020). Situational judgement test validity for selection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medical Education, 54(10), 888–902. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.14201

Whetzel, D. L., Sullivan, T. S., & McCloy, R. A. (2020). Situational judgment tests: An overview of development practices and psychometric characteristics. Personnel Assessment and Decisions, 6(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.25035/pad.2020.01.001

Yea, S., & Stringer, C. (2021). Caught in a vicious cycle: Connecting forced labour and environmental exploitation through a case study of Asia–Pacific. Marine Policy, 134, 104825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104825


Dimensions, PlumX, and Google Scholar Metrics

10.33650/guyub.v7i3.16553


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Askarmin Harun

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

This journal is licensed under

Creative Commons License
Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.