Design and Construction of an IoT-Based Three-Phase Electric Motor Monitoring and Protection Device

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/jeecom.v8i2.16977
Authors

(1)  Arya Rambu Rabbani   (Institut Teknologi PLN)  
        Indonesia
(2) * Retno Aita Diantari   (Institut Teknologi PLN)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Three-phase induction motors are widely used in industry as the main drive for pumps, compressors, and conveyors, yet they remain vulnerable to overcurrent, voltage unbalance, and overheating that can shorten their service life. Conventional protection devices such as thermal overload relays and circuit breakers operate locally and do not provide real-time condition information to operators. This study designs and builds an Internet of Things (IoT)-based monitoring and protection device for three-phase electric motors that can observe motor conditions in real time and respond automatically to disturbances. The hardware uses an ESP32 S3 microcontroller, three PZEM-004T sensors to measure voltage, current, power, frequency and power factor, and three MLX90614 non-contact infrared sensors to measure motor temperature. Protection is executed through a solid-state relay coupled to a contactor, while monitoring data are displayed locally on a 3.5-inch TFT screen and remotely through the Blynk IoT platform and Telegram notifications. Testing shows that the prototype trips automatically when the current exceeds the setting value and when the voltage deviation between phases exceeds 2%, with an average trip response time of 354.4 ms, while normal operating conditions do not trigger false trips. Comparison against a standard measuring instrument shows a maximum measurement error of 1.67%. These results indicate that the proposed system is accurate, responsive, and suitable for improving the safety and reliability of three-phase motor operation.

Keywords

Internetofthings; control; protection; Monitoring; Overcurrent protection; Three-phase induction motor; Voltage unbalance



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Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer (JEECOM)
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