RECONSTRUCTING JUDICIAL REASONING IN HADHANAH DISPUTES: A LEGAL-PHILOSOPHICAL EVALUATION MODEL BASED ON THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v10i3.15993
Authors

(1) * Nurul Fadhilatul Hidayah   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(2)  M Yakhsyallah Liddinillah   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(3)  Nursafitri Nursafitri   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda)  
        Indonesia
(4)  Andi Afifah Buana Cinta   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris Samarinda)  
        Indonesia
(5)  ⁠Muhammad Muhib Rofiqo Qaula R.   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(6)  Usep Saepullah   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Hadhanah disputes require judges to reconcile Islamic family law, child protection norms, and the concrete interests of children. Existing studies predominantly examine custody rights, child protection, or gender justice, while insufficient attention has been given to evaluating the quality of judicial reasoning that constructs the best interests of the child. This study aims to develop a legal-philosophical model for evaluating judicial reasoning in hadhanah disputes. Employing normative legal research through statutory, conceptual, case, and legal-philosophical approaches, the study analyzes the Mempawah Religious Court Decision No. 354/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Mpw., Pontianak Religious High Court Decision No. 9/Pdt.G/2025/PTA.Ptk., and Supreme Court Decision No. 563 K/AG/2025. The findings show that judicial reasoning has a normative and philosophical basis, particularly in incorporating ḥifẓ al-dīn as an element of the child’s best interests. However, its adequacy depends on whether religious considerations are connected to the child’s concrete condition and proportionately weighed against psychological, educational, health, social, caregiving stability, and emotional interests. The study proposes a Judicial Reasoning Evaluation Model comprising five substantive parameters and five analytical stages. The model contributes an evaluative framework for assessing the quality of judicial argumentation and advancing substantive, child-centered justice in Islamic family law.



Full Text: PDF



References


Agustian, K. (2022). TINJAUAN ANALITIS PASAL 105 KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG HAK HADHANAH DAN BATASAN UMUR MUMAYYIZ. Pengadilan Agama Sengeti. https://pa-sengeti.go.id/artikel/2341-tinjauan-analitis-pasal-105-kompilasi-hukum-islam-tentang-hak-hadhanah-dan-batasan-umur-mumayyiz-korik-agustian-s-ag-m-ag

Anisyaniawati, Kusuma, F. N., Zanati, H., & Alyanti, C. H. (2025). Konsep Hukum dan Keadilan dalam Pemikiran Gustav Radbruch. Praxis: Jurnal Filsafat Terapan, Vol. 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.11111/praxisa.xxxxxxx

Aulia, M. F., Afifah, N., & Putra, G. R. A. (2021). Hak Asuh Anak Dalam Keluarga Perspektif Keadilan Gender. Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i, Vol. 8(1), 285–296. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v8i1.19388

Cholifah, I. C., Ismail, Y., & Sulatri, K. (2025). ANALISAHUKUM TERHADAP ASAS KEPENTINGAN TERBAIK BAGI ANAK(Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010). Interdisciplinary Explorationsin Research Journal (IERJ), Vol. 3(2), 622–632. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.62976/ierj.v3i2.1269

Damayanti, S., Betary, S. A., Pitriani, W., & Sihombing, A. J. (2024). Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian di Indonesia : Perspektif Filsafat Hukum. Jurnal Yustisia Tirtayasa, Vol. 4(11). https://doi.org/https://dx.doi.org/10.51825/yta.v4i1.24367

Data Kasus Pelanggaran Hak Anak Tahun 2025. (2026). CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20260115213016-20-1317553/kpai-catat-2031-kasus-pelanggaran-hak-anak-pada-2025

Ghazali, A. (2010). Fikih Munakahat (4 ed.). Prenada Media Group.

Halim, A., Maryani, H., & Zikrillah, R. (2022). Kajian ontologi, epistimologi, dan aksiologi dalam filsafat Hukum. Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara & Hukum Administrasi Negara, Vol. 1-(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/-

Haryono. (2019). PENEGAKAN HUKUM BERBASIS NILAI KEADILAN SUBSTANTIF (Studi Putusan MK No. 46/PUU-VII/2012 Tertanggal 13 Februari 2012 ). Jurnal Hukum Progresif, Vol. 7(46), 20–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.14710/hp.7.1.20-39

Konvensi Hak Anak, (2018). https://www.unicef.org/indonesia/id/konvensi-hak-anak-versi-anak-anak

Kharlie, A. T. (2013). Hukum Keluarga Indonesia. Sinar Grafika.

Mera, N., Marzuki, B, M. T., Sapruddin, & Cahyani, A. I. (2024). Child Custody Rights for Mothers of Different Religions: Maqashid al-Shari’ah Perspective on Islamic Family Law in Indonesia. Samarah: Jurnal Hukum Keluarga dan Hukum Islam, Vol. 8(3), 1644–1668. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i3.23809

Nasution, A., & Nasution, I. F. A. (2021). Customary Law Approaches To Hadanah Disputes in Aceh: Arguments and Social Implications. AHKAM : Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, Vol. 21(2), 257–278. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/ajis.v21i2.22094

Nations, U. (2013). Convention on the Rights of the Child (Vol. 14, Nomor 14). https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/g13/441/89/pdf/g1344189.pdf

Naufan, A. F., Rosadi, A., & Agama, P. (2026). PENERAPAN PRINSIP THE BEST INTEREST OF THE CHILD. Qanun: Journal of Islamic Laws and Studies, Vol. 4(4), 1755–1764. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.58738/qanun.v4i4.1315

Rohmah, A. P., Suyaman, P., & Mulyanti, A. S. (2023). Determination of Custody Rights ( Hadhanah ) for Children Who Are Not Yet Mumayiz to the Father. Jurnal Hukum Rechtsnormen, Vol. 1(2). https://doi.org/10.55849/rjl.v1i2.307

Rohman, A. N., & Putri, E. A. (2022). PROGRESSIVE READING OF CHILD CUSTODY IN INDONESIAN MARRIAGE LAW FROM A GENDER JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE ( COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAW NO . 1 OF 1974 AND THE COMPILATION OF ISLAMIC LAW ). Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol 11(1), 43–63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.11.1.2022.43-63

S, L. A. (2017). Perlindungan Anak Oleh Masyarakat Ditinjau Dari Mazhab Sejarah Di Dalam Penerapan Prinsip The Best Interest Of The Child Pada Kehidupan Anak Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Hukum, Vol. 2(1), 123–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24912/era%20hukum.v15i1.668

Saleh, S., Adawiyah, R., & Andriyani, A. (2025). Perlindungan Hak Asuh Anak Pasca Perceraian ( Hadhanah ): Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Psikologi Anak. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Hukum, Vol. 3(3), 2829–2838. https://doi.org/:https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1748

Suadi, A. (2018). THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS COURT IN WOMEN AND CHILDREN RIGHTS PROTECTION THROUGH PARTIAL AND EXECUTABLE DECISION. Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Vol. 7(3), 353–374. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.25216/jhp.7.3.2018.353-374

Syahrin, M. A., & Munir, A. A. (2025). Hak Asuh Anak ( Hadhanah ) Dalam Sistem Hukum Keluarga Indonesia Dan Aljazair. Al-Zayn: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial & Huku, Vol. 3(3), 1946–1955. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.61104/alz.v3i3.1660

Triyanita, L. S., & Prananingtyas, P. (2023). Hak Anak Akibat Perceraian Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perkawinan Dan Kompilasi Hukum Islam. Jurnal Notarius, Vol. 16(2), 850–860.

Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak, (2014).

Yuliartini, N. P. R. (2020). Perlindungan Hukum bagi Anak terkait Hak Asuh Anak (Child Custody) akibat Perceraian. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum, Vol. 6(1), 222–224.


Dimensions, PlumX, and Google Scholar Metrics

10.33650/jhi.v10i3.15993


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Fadhilatul Hidayah, Nursafitri Nursafitri, Andi Afifah Buana Cinta, Usep Saepullah

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.