UJI SUBSTANTIF PASAL 212 KHI DALAM SENGKETA PENARIKAN HIBAH: STUDI KOMPARATIF DUA PUTUSAN PERADILAN AGAMA

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/jhi.v10i2.15064
Authors

(1) * Mohamad Sar'an   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(2)  Sahril Sidik   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(3)  Ramdani Wahyu Sururie   (Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


This study examines the dialectics of judicial reasoning (rechtsvinding) in disputes over the revocation of gifts (ruju’ fi al-hibah) through the lens of the abuse of rights doctrine (ta’assuf fi isti’mal al-haq). Historically, Article 212 of the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) is often misunderstood as a norm granting absolute authority to parents to revoke a gift, rendering it devoid of material boundaries and potentially triggering injustice. Through normative legal research employing conceptual and comparative approaches to the Surabaya Religious Court Decision No. 5001/Pdt.G/2018/PA.Sby and Supreme Court Decision No. 467/K/AG/2017, this article reveals that the judiciary has shifted towards substantive justice. Judicial disparity occurs not due to inconsistent textual adherence, but as a manifestation of the judge's acuity in detecting bad faith. The Surabaya Religious Court canceled a gift to punish manipulation and defect of will (wilsgebreke) by the child, while the Supreme Court canceled a gift to prevent the exploitation of marital property by the parent without spousal consent. As a core finding, this article deconstructs the right of revocation into a "conditional right" and provides a practical contribution in the form of three absolute material testing parameters for judges: motivation test (two-way bad faith detection), ownership and object transformation test (mawani’ al-ruju’), and harm proportionality test. The cumulative application of these parameters is expected to serve as a judicial guideline to prevent the abuse of rights and protect the justice of the family institution.



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