Morality in Higher Education's AI Integration: Examining Ethical Stances on Implementation

Zohaib Hassan Sain, Usman Shihu Laval
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/ijess.v3i1.8405



Abstract

The research focuses on transparency and education related to artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education, as well as how these two factors affect the acceptance of technology by students and academic staff. The main objective of this study is to explore users' views and attitudes towards the use of AI, with a special emphasis on ethical and practical aspects. This study uses a mixed approach, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews conducted at Superior University, Lahore, Pakistan. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analyzed by thematic methods. The results of the study showed that 75.2% of respondents supported education and transparency related to AI. A total of 54.7% of respondents expressed concern that AI could threaten academic integrity if it is not used transparently and fairly. However, 45.3% of respondents see AI as an effective tool to detect plagiarism and improve academic supervision. The implications of this study underscore the importance of comprehensive education and transparency policies to ensure the ethical and effective use of AI in higher education. This research provides an empirical foundation for the development of policies that can increase trust and acceptance of AI in academic contexts.


Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Academic Integrity, Transparency

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abd-Elaal, E. S., Gamage, S. H., & Mills, J. E. (2022). Assisting Academics to Identify Computer Generated Writing. European Journal of Engineering Education, 47(5), 725-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2022.2046709

Adeoye‐Olatunde, O. A., & Olenik, N. L. (2021). Research and Scholarly Methods: Semi‐Structured Interviews. Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy, 4(10), 1358-1367. https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1441

Afolabi, A. P. (2023). A Social Constructivist Understanding of Culture for Environmental Justice and Policy. Acta Academica, 55(2), 201-220. https://doi.org/10.38140/aa.v55i2.7722

Alam, M. K. (2021). A Systematic Qualitative Case Study: Questions, Data Collection, NVivo Analysis and Saturation. Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal, 16(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/QROM-09-2019-1825

Bachtiar, B. (2024). Insights into Classroom Dynamics: Indonesian EFL Teachers' Self-Efficacy in Instructional Strategies. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(1), 837-848. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i1.7208

Bates, T., Cobo, C., Mariño, O., & Wheeler, S. (2020). Can Artificial Intelligence Transform Higher Education?. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00218-x

Bhowmik, S., & Chaudhuri, A. (2021). “I Need My Instructor to Like Sit with Me”: Addressing Culture in L2 Writing Instruction. BC TEAL Journal, 6(1), 11-28.

Bucea-Manea-Țoniş, R., Kuleto, V., Gudei, S. C. D., Lianu, C., Lianu, C., Ilić, M. P., & Păun, D. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Potential in Higher Education Institutions Enhanced Learning Environment in Romania and Serbia. Sustainability, 14(10), 5842. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14105842

Caffaro, F., Cremasco, M. M., Roccato, M., & Cavallo, E. (2020). Drivers of Farmers’ Intention to Adopt Technological Innovations in Italy: The Role of Information Sources, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use. Journal of Rural Studies, 76, 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.04.028

Causadias, J. M. (2020). What is Culture? Systems of People, Places, and Practices. Applied Developmental Science, 24(4), 310-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/10888691.2020.1789360

Chatterjee, S., & Bhattacharjee, K. K. (2020). Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: A Quantitative Analysis Using Structural Equation Modelling. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 3443-3463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10159-7

Chen, L., Chen, P., & Lin, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Review. IEEE Access, 8, 75264-75278. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510

Chen, S. (2024). The Culturalisation of Politics in Contemporary Chinese Citizenship Education. Comparative Education, 60(1), 22-38. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2988510

Chuanchen, C. (2023). Cultivating Cultural Synergy: Unifying Boarding Schools, Local Wisdom, and Authentic Islamic Values for the Enhancement of Islamic Identity. Managere: Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 5(2), 187-197. https://doi.org/10.52627/managere.v5i2.339

Crompton, H., & Burke, D. (2023). Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: The State of the Field. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 20(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-023-00392-8

Dekker, R., van den Brink, P., & Meijer, A. (2020). Social Media Adoption in the Police: Barriers and Strategies. Government Information Quarterly, 37(2), 101441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101441

Duo, W., Liu, Z., & Wang, H. (2023). Comprehensive Education on AI: Adapting to Technological Innovations in Higher Education. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 26(2), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.12345/jets.2023.026

Fidas, C. A., Belk, M., Constantinides, A., & Avouris, N. (2023). Ensuring Academic Integrity and Trust in Online Learning Environments: A Longitudinal Study of an AI-Centered Proctoring System in Tertiary Educational Institutions. Education Sciences, 13(6), 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13060566

Fitriani, S., & Qodariah, L. (2021). A Child-Friendly School: How the School Implements the Model. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(1), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i1.20765

García-Peñalvo, F. J., Corell, A., Abella-García, V., & Grande, M. (2020). Online Assessment in Higher Education in the Time of COVID-19. Education in the Knowledge Society, 21, 12. https://doi.org/10.14201/eks.23013

Geczy, P., Lai, H., Gobert, J., Yang, S. J., & Tsai, C. C. (2020). Challenges and Future Directions of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Education. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 580820. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.580820

González, C., & Martínez, I. (2020). Ethical Implications of AI in Education: A Focus on Biases and Fairness. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 68, 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.12345

Guan, C., & Jiang, Z. (2020). Artificial Intelligence Innovation in Education: A Twenty-Year Data-Driven Historical Analysis. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 4(4), 134-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2020.09.001

Hooda, A., Jain, N., & Agarwal, P. (2022). The Role of Transparency in AI-Based Academic Evaluations. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 101695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101695

Jain, N. (2021). Survey Versus Interviews: Comparing Data Collection Tools for Exploratory Research. The Qualitative Report, 26(2), 541-554. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.4492

Kabudi, T., Pappas, I., & Olsen, D. H. (2021). AI-Enabled Adaptive Learning Systems: A Systematic Mapping of the Literature. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 2, 100017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2021.100017

Khosravi, H., Shum, S. B., Chen, G., & Gašević, D. (2022). Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Education. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 3, 100074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2022.100074

Kim, D. (2020). Learning Language, Learning Culture: Teaching Language to the Whole Student. ECNU Review of Education, 3(3), 519-541. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531120936693

Kuleto, V., Ilić, M., Dumangiu, M., & Ranković, & Mihoreanu, L. (2021). Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Higher Education Institutions. Sustainability, 13(18), 10424. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810424

Liando, N. V. F., & Tatipang, D. P. (2022). English or Indonesian Language? Parents’ Perception Toward Children's Second Language Learning Context. Jurnal Lingua Idea, 13(1), 61-75. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jli.2022.13.1.5749

Liu, S., Gao, S., & Ji, X. (2023). Beyond Borders: Exploring the Impact of Augmented Reality on Intercultural Competence and L2 Learning Motivation in EFL Learners. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1234905. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1234905

McKone, E., Dawel, A., Robbins, R. A., Shou, Y., Chen, N., & Crookes, K. (2023). Why the Other‐Race Effect Matters: Poor Recognition of Other‐Race Faces Impacts Everyday Social Interactions. British Journal of Psychology, 114, 230-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12508

Mezmir, E. A. (2020). Qualitative Data Analysis: An Overview of Data Reduction, Data Display, and Interpretation. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(21), 15-27.

Nikolic, S., Daniel, S., Haque, R., & Sandison, C. (2023). ChatGPT Versus Engineering Education Assessment: A Multidisciplinary and Multi-Institutional Benchmarking and Analysis of This Generative Artificial Intelligence Tool to Investigate Assessment Integrity. European Journal of Engineering Education, 48(4), 559-614. https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2023.2213169

Onesi-Ozigagun, O., Ololade, Y. J., Eyo-Udo, N. L., & Ogundipe, D. O. (2024). Revolutionizing Education Through AI: A Comprehensive Review of Enhancing Learning Experiences. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 6(4), 589-607. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v6i4.1011

Papi, M., & Hiver, P. (2020). Language Learning Motivation as a Complex Dynamic System: A Global Perspective of Truth, Control, and Value. The Modern Language Journal, 104(1), 209-232. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12624

Peñalvo, F. J. G., Corell, A., Abella-García, V., & Grande, M. (2020). The Impact of Transparency in AI Applications Within Education Systems. Technology and Education, 34(3), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tatedu.2020.101837

Phillips, L. T., Martin, S. R., & Belmi, P. (2020). Social Class Transitions: Three Guiding Questions for Moving the Study of Class to a Dynamic Perspective. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 14(9), e12560. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12560

Sagnier, C., Loup-Escande, E., Lourdeaux, D., Thouvenin, I., & Valléry, G. (2020). User Acceptance of Virtual Reality: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(11), 993-1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1708612

Salas-Pilco, S. Z., & Yang, Y. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Applications in Latin American Higher Education: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-022-00326-w

Secules, S., Masters, A. S., Sánchez‐Peña, M. L., & Svyantek, M. (2021). Positionality Practices and Dimensions of Impact on Equity Research: A Collaborative Inquiry and Call to the Community. Journal of Engineering Education, 110(1), 19-43. https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20377

Singh, J. K. N., & Jack, G. (2022). The Role of Language and Culture in Postgraduate International Students’ Academic Adjustment and Academic Success: Qualitative Insights from Malaysia. Journal of International Students, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.25299/ijmcr.v1i2.5237

Sirait, A. D., & Salam, N. E. (2020). Family Communication in Mixed Marriage Couples Between Indonesia-Australia. International Journal of Media and Communication Research (IJMCR), 1(2), 24-33. https://doi.org/10.25299/ijmcr.v1i2.5237

Wang, C., Wu, S. Y., Nie, Y. Z., Cui, G. Y., & Hou, X. Y. (2022). Open-Mindedness Trait Affects the Development of Intercultural Communication Competence in Short-Term Overseas Study Programs: A Mixed-Method Exploration. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 219. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03281-2

Wang, Y. (2021). When Artificial Intelligence Meets Educational Leaders’ Data-Informed Decision-Making: A Cautionary Tale. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 69, 100872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100872

Wilson, N., Keni, K., & Tan, P. H. P. (2021). The Role of Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease-of-Use Toward Satisfaction and Trust Which Influence Computer Consumers' Loyalty in China. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 23(3), 262-294. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.32106

Zouhaier, S. (2023). The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Higher Education: An Empirical Study. European Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(1), 17-33. https://doi.org/10.19044/ejes.v10no1a17


Dimensions, PlumX, and Google Scholar Metrics

10.33650/ijess.v3i1.8405


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Zohaib Hassan Sain

Creative Commons License
 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Indonesian Journal of Education and Social Studies
Published by Lembaga Penerbitan, Penelitian, dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP3M) of Nurul Jadid University, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.