MEASURING INTERPERSONAL AND INTRAPERSONAL INTELLIGENCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF NATURALIST INTELLIGENCE IN PREDICTING EXISTENTIAL INTELLIGENCE

DOI: https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v13i2.15180
Authors

(1) * Sudaryono Sudaryono   (Universitas Raharja, Banten)  
        Indonesia
(2)  Mutoharoh Mutoharoh   (Universitas Bina Bangsa, Banten)  
        Indonesia
(*) Corresponding Author

Abstract


Higher education institutions need to understand students more holistically, as student success is determined not only by cognitive abilities but also by interpersonal and intrapersonal skills, as well as existential intelligence. This study aims to examine the structural relationships among interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence in predicting existential intelligence, with naturalist intelligence as a mediating variable. This study employs a quantitative approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The research results indicate that the measurement model meets the requirements for validity and reliability. Structural model analysis reveals that interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist intelligences each significantly influence existential and naturalist intelligences. According to mediation analysis, naturalist intelligence significantly mediates the relationship between existential and interpersonal intelligence. The model demonstrates substantial explanatory power, with R² values of 0.806 for existential intelligence and 0.697 for naturalist intelligence. These findings emphasise the need of integrating different intelligences into a structural measurement framework and the mediating function of naturalist intelligence in existential intelligence prediction. 

Keywords

Interpersonal Intelligence; Intrapersonal Intelligence; Naturalist Intelligence.



Full Text: PDF



References


Accurso, K., Muzeta, B., & Battles, S. P. (2023). Reflection Multiliteracies: Teaching Meaning-Making across the Visual and Language Arts1. In In pursuit of a multilingual equity agenda (pp. 89-108). Routledge.

Adeoye, M. A., Baharun, H., & Munawwaroh, I. (2025). Transformational leadership in education: Harmonising accountability, innovation and global citizenship. Kharisma: Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 4(1), 14-30.

Anggoro, S., Fitriati, A., Thoe, N. K., Talib, C. A., & Mareza, L. (2024). Differentiated instruction based on multiple intelligences as promising joyful and meaningful learning. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 13(2), 1194-1204. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v13i2.24791

Armstrong, T. (2017). Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Ascd.

Astiti, P. J., Parwati, N. N., Tegeh, I. M., & Sudarma, I. K. (2024). Multiple intelligences-based interactive multimedia to improve students’ multiple intelligences in kindergarten. Journal of Education Technology, 8(1), 194-204. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v8i1.73411

Chamdani, M., Yusuf, F. A., Salimi, M., & Fajari, L. E. W. (2022). Meta-Analysis Study: The Relationship between Reflective Thinking and Learning Achievement. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 15(3), 181-188.

Etikan, I., & Bala, K. (2017). Sampling and sampling methods. Biometrics & Biostatistics International Journal, 5(6), 00149. https://doi.org/10.15406/bbij.2017.05.00149

Gardner, H. (2008). Multiple Intelligences: New Horizons. Basic Books. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=8K54fg6YU4EC

Hair, J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publishing.

Hair Jr, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). PLS-SEM or CB-SEM: updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of multivariate data analysis, 1(2), 107-123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMDA.2017.087624

Hidayah, F., Susiani, E., Aniati, A., & Hussen, B. T. (2024). Optimizing Student Learning Quality Through Differentiated Instruction Approaches. PEDAGOGIK: Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v11i2.9044

Huda, N., Sukarmin, Y., & Dimyati, D. (2022). Multiple Intelligence-based basketball performance assessment in high school. Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan, 26(2), 201-216. https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v26i2.54981

Husna, K., & Mundiri, A. (2023). Improving Student Competence Through Learning Management Outcome Based Education. PEDAGOGIK: Jurnal Pendidikan, 10(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v10i1.5516

Lin, C. J., Lee, H. Y., Wang, W. S., Huang, Y. M., & Wu, T. T. (2025). Enhancing reflective thinking in STEM education through experiential learning: The role of generative AI as a learning aid. Education and Information Technologies, 30(5), 6315-6337.

Liu, C., Hou, J., Tu, Y. F., Wang, Y., & Hwang, G. J. (2023). Incorporating a reflective thinking promoting mechanism into artificial intelligence-supported English writing environments. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(9), 5614-5632.

Ma, C., Zhao, M., & Zhang, Y. (2025). How does nature connectedness improve mental health in college students? A study of chain mediating effects. Behavioral Sciences, 15(5), 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050654

Mundiri, A., Sain, Z. H., & Khomairohtusshiyamah, U. (2025). Reconstructing Transformational Leadership through Islamic Values: A Model for Improving Institutional Performance in Islamic Education. Mozaic: Islam Nusantara, 11(2), 125-136.

Murniarti, E., Siregar, J., Simatupang, M. S., Peter, R., Siahaan, G., & Al Ghazali, A. G. (2026). Examining The Leadership And Performance Relationship In Higher Education: Sequential Mediation Of Quality Assurance And Organizational Commitment. PEDAGOGIK: Jurnal Pendidikan, 13(1), 180-195.

Ningrum, Z. B., Soesilo, T. E. B., & Herdiansyah, H. (2018, November). Naturalistic intelligence and environmental awareness among graduate students. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 68, p. 02004). EDP Sciences.

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2024). Social and emotional skills for better lives. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Publishing.

Odell, B., Gierl, M., & Cutumisu, M. (2021). Testing measurement invariance of PISA 2015 mathematics, science, and ICT scales using the alignment method. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 68, 100965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100965

Park, S., Kim, H., & Lim, Y. K. (2025, April). Reimagining personal data: Unlocking the potential of AI-generated images in personal data meaning-making. In Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-25).

Privado, J., Pérez-Eizaguirre, M., Martínez-Rodríguez, M., & Ponce-de-Leon, L. (2024). Cognitive and non-cognitive factors as predictors of academic performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 116, 102536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102536

Mundiri, A., Putri, D. F., & Abdullah, A. (2024). Innovative approach in curriculum development; improving education and training programs through multidimensional strategies. PEDAGOGIK: Jurnal Pendidikan, 11(2), 178-193. https://doi.org/10.33650/pjp.v11i2.9290

Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling. In Handbook of market research (pp. 587-632). Cham: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15

Syafii, M. H., Rahmatullah, A. S., Purnomo, H., & Aladaya, R. (2025). The Correlation Between Islamic Learning Environment and Children's Multiple Intelligence Development. INJIES: Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 2(1), 29-38.

Sudaryono, S., Sunarya, P. A., & Dayanti, M. T. (2024). Model Pengukuran Soft Competencies Era Industri 4.0 Pendekatan PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling). Icit Journal, 10(1), 113-127.

Taherdoost, H. (2018). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. SSRN Electronic Journal, 5(2), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3205035

Wahyuni, R. E., Sari, P. P., Rahmah, K., Maulana, M., & Rifky, M. (2026). The relationship between intrapersonal intelligence and biology learning outcomes in schools: A literature review. Journal of Biology Creative Education, 3(1), 21-29.

Yaumi, M., Sirate, S. F. S., & Patak, A. A. (2018). Investigating multiple intelligence-based instructions approach on performance improvement of indonesian elementary madrasah teachers. Sage Open, 8(4), 2158244018809216. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018809216

Zhang, Y., Adams, D., Cheah, J. H., Teeroovengadum, V., & Ramayah, T. (2026). An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS‐SEM) in Educational Leadership and Management Research. European Journal of Education, 61(2), e70600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70600

Zickafoose, A., & Wingenbach, G. (2023). Incorporating field experience into international agricultural development programs. Education Sciences, 13(5), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13050456


Dimensions, PlumX, and Google Scholar Metrics

10.33650/pjp.v13i2.15180


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2026 Sudaryono Sudaryono, Mutoharoh Mutoharoh


This work is licensed under a CC BY-SA

Published by Institute for Publication, Research, and Community Service of Nurul Jadid University, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia.